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Nail Fungus: What It Is and How to Treat It
Nail fungus is a common condition that many people have encountered. It usually does not cause severe symptoms but can create discomfort in your daily life.
In this article, we will focus on what nail fungus is, its symptoms, causes, and the ways you can deal with it.
What Is Nail Fungus?
Nail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is an infection that most often affects the toenails. It usually develops slowly and causes white or yellowish-brown spots to appear under the tip of the nail. If the problem worsens, the fungus can cover the entire nail plate and spread to other nails, causing symptoms that we will discuss later in the article.
Onychomycosis typically occurs without complications. However, dealing with it requires patience, as it is very persistent. Keep in mind that even if you have successfully fought the infection once, there is a high chance it may return. That is why it is important to regularly monitor the condition of your nails and react as soon as you notice the first signs of fungal infection under the nails.
Causes of Nail Fungus
Nail fungal infections can be caused by different types of fungi. The most common are dermatophytes, yeasts, and molds. Their development can be triggered if you:
- Walk barefoot in places like gyms, spas, swimming pools, public baths, etc.;
- Wear someone else’s socks or shoes;
- Use shared or non-disinfected manicure or pedicure tools;
- Wear closed shoes during warm seasons;
- Use socks made from synthetic materials;
- Wear rubber gloves for long periods.
Symptoms of Nail Fungus
Nail fungus can present with some unpleasant symptoms. The affected nail may change color, turning white, brown, yellow, or green. If you ignore this change, the infection risks spreading to cover a larger area or the entire nail.
Another possible symptom is nail lifting. The nail may begin to separate from the finger or toe, making it easier for dirt to accumulate underneath, which may lead to more serious symptoms.
Your nail may also become thinner, which can cause it to break, split, or crumble more easily.
Sometimes onychomycosis causes nail thickening. Besides hardening, the nails can change color and become entirely yellow or brown.
Other possible symptoms include:
- Foul odor;
- Pain when walking;
- Difficulty cutting nails;
- Redness of the surrounding skin;
- Nail deformation.
If you notice any changes in one or more nails, we advise you to consult a doctor as soon as possible. After examination, they will determine whether it is onychomycosis or caused by another issue.
Risk Factors
Some factors increase the risk of developing nail fungus. You are more likely to develop onychomycosis if you:
Are older;
Do not trim or maintain your nails properly;
Wear shoes that cause your feet to sweat;
Use artificial nails;
Have HIV;
Walk barefoot in damp public places;
Have circulatory problems;
Have diabetes;
Suffer from hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating);
Have a family history of nail fungus;
Take antibiotics or corticosteroids;
Have a weakened immune system;
Have an injury to the nail or surrounding skin;
Keep your fingers or toes wet for prolonged periods;
Have a skin condition such as psoriasis.
Possible Complications
If nail fungus is left untreated, it can lead to complications. Commonly, it causes severe pain around the nail or permanent nail damage. This can also pave the way for more serious infections that can spread to other parts of the body.
If you have onychomycosis and take medications, your condition may worsen, so it is important to monitor your nails regularly and be alert for any deterioration. If possible, visit your doctor for regular check-ups to track the infection’s progress.
How to Get Rid of Nail Fungus
Treating nail fungus is a long process that may involve oral medications, laser treatments, antifungal creams or lacquers, and alternative methods. Before starting treatment, it is advisable to consult your doctor, as some antifungal products can interact with your medications and cause side effects such as rashes. When you see your doctor, it is important to provide full details about your health and any medications you take. Based on this information, your doctor will recommend the best treatment option.
Oral antifungal treatment typically lasts between 6 and 12 weeks. These medications help healthy nails grow to replace infected ones. However, complete elimination of the infection may take four months or longer.
Modern medicine also offers laser therapy to fight onychomycosis. We strongly recommend not undergoing laser treatment without consulting your doctor first. If your doctor approves, they can refer you to a reputable and safe clinic. Without medical advice, you risk going to places using poor-quality lasers, which could worsen your condition.
Another option is antifungal lacquers and creams applied to the affected nails and surrounding skin. Depending on the severity, these products may need to be used for up to a year.
If you prefer not to use creams, lacquers, or medications, some alternative remedies may help. Always discuss these with your doctor to ensure they are appropriate for your case.
One such product is tea tree oil, known for its natural antifungal properties. To use it, apply 4-5 drops on a cotton swab and gently rub it on the affected nail and surrounding skin daily for at least two months.
Another option is oregano oil, which contains thymol with antibacterial and antifungal effects. Apply a few drops twice a day using a cotton swab. You can also combine tea tree oil with oregano oil. Both are strong and may irritate the skin, so use with caution.
Prevention
Onychomycosis is an unpleasant condition no one wants. To reduce your risk of developing nail fungus:
- Regularly monitor your nails and act on early signs;
- Keep your nails short;
- Change your socks daily;
- Keep your feet dry and clean;
- Wear flip-flops in gyms, spas, and other moist public places;
- Avoid tight or poorly ventilated shoes;
- Do not use someone else’s towel to dry your feet;
- Do not wear other people’s shoes;
- Do not use shared nail clippers or scissors.
Conclusion
Nail fungus is a problem that can affect anyone. If it happens, knowing how to handle the infection can make the process easier. We hope these guidelines help you fight onychomycosis and restore the healthy appearance of your nails quickly.
This article is for informational purposes and does not replace professional medical advice. For more useful articles, feel free to explore our health portal.
